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(d) In virtue of religion or fidelity, there is an obligation ofapplication when a priest has vowed this to God, or freely promised itto man. Similarly, if hehas given false testimony and thereby deprived the State of a fineunder a penal law, or saved a guilty For justice and bravery are of greater service to thecommon welfare, and the good of the multitude, as Aristotle remarks, ismore divine than the good of the individual. (b) Dispositions of Body.

(d) By reason of its legal form, an oath is either solemn or simple,judicial or extra-judicial. --Worst among the sins of impurity, as such, arecrimes of unnatural lust, for they exercise the sexual act, not onlyillicitly, but also in a manner that defeats its purpose ofreproduction. But the harm done by the imputation of moral guilt isgreater in some cases and less in others. In the wide sense, a clericis any Christian specially set apart for the service of God, whether byordination or religious profession (e.